| Bayonet was invented in France approximately in 1640, and after a number of improvements it was added to armory in 1699. Flint gunlock
was developed and implemented from about 1670. With the pike abolition infantry got rid of all sorts of defensive armory. All these changes took place
during the first years of Spanish War for Heritage (1701 -1714). So by the early XVIII century infantry got changed. It was comprised of equally dressed
musketeers and grenadiers (the best soldiers trained to throw grenades.)
During the War for Spanish Heritage prince Leopold Dessau (1676 - 1747, the Duke Angalt Dessau, the creator of "classical" Prussian
infantry) lessened the formation depth to 4 ranks and followed with 3 ones. He also introduced an iron ramrod, which allowed increasing the rate of
fire. The Prussian infantry of that time may be considered the classical XVIII century infantry. The armies were taught to shoot while advancing
(earlier, shooting was carried out without movement). Fire was shot from 200-yard distance, the closer was the enemy the shorter was pace and the more
rapid was fire. Fire was shot in salvos by whole battalions or platoons - it was considered to produce demoralizing effect on the enemy. Platoons
produced salvos one by one with short intervals to prevent attacking cavalry from making their way through the infantry formations within the salvo
intervals. When close to the enemy infantry would dash into bayonet attack. The infantry attack was usually preceded by light field cannons attack.
About 3 cannons per thousand people were considered quite normal. Except linear infantry fighting in close formation there also was light infantry. The
objective of this infantry was to wage guerilla and diversion wars, hold fire combats on the cross-country. They fought in loose formation and were keen
shooters. |